Lithium

Lithium is a mood-stabilizing medication commonly used to treat bipolar disorder and, less frequently, certain forms of depression. It can help reduce the severity and frequency of manic or depressive episodes.

Key Points:

• Mechanism of Action: Not fully understood, but believed to influence neurotransmitter balance, second messenger systems, and neuroprotective factors.
• Therapeutic Window: Requires regular blood tests to ensure levels remain therapeutic without becoming toxic.
• Side Effects: May include tremors, thirst, increased urination, weight gain, and, at higher levels, serious toxicity affecting the nervous system and kidneys.
• Long-Term Efficacy: One of the most studied and reliable treatments for bipolar disorder, with evidence suggesting it reduces suicide risk.