Panic Disorder

Panic Disorder is characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and ongoing worry about having additional attacks or their implications (e.g., fear of losing control). This fear can lead to significant lifestyle modifications to avoid perceived triggers.

Key Points:

• Diagnostic Criteria: At least one of the attacks is followed by one month (or more) of persistent concern about further attacks or maladaptive behavior changes (e.g., avoidance).
• Impact on Life: May lead to agoraphobia—avoidance of places/situations where escape might be difficult if a panic attack occurs.
• Causes: Combination of genetic predisposition, heightened stress responses, and cognitive factors (e.g., catastrophizing bodily sensations).
• Treatment: Similar to panic attacks—CBT (particularly exposure therapy), relaxation techniques, SSRIs, and sometimes short-term benzodiazepines.